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Founded : 1937 , Japan

Revenue : $ 247bn

Toyota pioneered the ' lean manufacturing ' approach in the 1940s with its Toyota Production System . This quickly gained global influence , with other companies adopting the methodology .

Today , Toyota supply-chain management remains at the core of its operations ’ strategies . Now titled Toyota ’ s Supplier Partnering Hierarchy , it lists the following elements as essential : mutual understanding and trust ; interlocking structures ; control systems ; compatible capabilities ; information sharing ; and joint improvement activities . These are values and approaches that have served the company well , even in the face of ongoing computer chip shortages .

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